Please Note: The reprints provided below are strictly for personal and noncommercial viewing, and in accordance with the applicable copyright laws of the individual publishers.

"Detection of Perchlorate and the Soluble Chemistry of Martian Soil at the Phoenix Lander Site"
M. H. Hecht, S. P. Kounaves, R. C. Quinn, S. J. West, S. M. M. Young, D. W. Ming, D. C. Catling, B. C. Clark, W. V. Boynton, J. Hoffman, L. P. DeFlores, K. Gospodinova, J. Kapit, and P. H. Smith
Science, 2009: 64-67. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Evidence for Calcium Carbonate at the Mars Phoenix Landing Site" W. V. Boynton, D. W. Ming,
S. P. Kounaves, S. M. M. Young, R. E. Arvidson, M. H. Hecht, J. Hoffman, P. B. Niles, D. K. Hamara, R. C. Quinn, P. H. Smith, B. Sutter, D. C. Catling, and R. V. Morris, Science, 2009: 61-64. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"H2O at the Phoenix Landing Site" P. H. Smith, L. K. Tamppari, R. E. Arvidson, D. Bass, D. Blaney, W. V. Boynton, A. Carswell, D. C. Catling, B. C. Clark, T. Duck, E. DeJong, D. Fisher, W. Goetz, H. P. Gunnlaugsson, M. H. Hecht, V. Hipkin, J. Hoffman, S. F. Hviid, H. U. Keller, S. P. Kounaves, C. F. Lange, M. T. Lemmon, M. B. Madsen, W. J. Markiewicz, J. Marshall, C. P. McKay, M. T. Mellon, D. W. Ming, R. V. Morris, W. T. Pike, N. Renno, U. Staufer, C. Stoker, P. Taylor, J. A. Whiteway, and A. P. Zent, Science, 2009: 58-61. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"The MECA Wet Chemistry Laboratory on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Scout Lander" S. P. Kounaves, M. H. Hecht, S. J. West, J. Morookian, S. M. M. Young, R. Quinn, P. Grunthaner, X. Wen, M. Weilert, C. A. Cable, A. Fisher, K. Gospodinova, J. Kapit, S. Stroble, P. Hsu, B. C. Clark, D. W. Ming, and P. H. Smith , J. Geophys. Res., 114, E00A19, doi:10.1029/2008JE003084, 2009. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Introduction to special section on the Phoenix Mission: Landing Site Characterization Experiments, Mission Overviews, and Expected Science" P.H. Smith, L. Tamppari, R. E. Arvidson, D. Bass, D. Blaney, W. Boynton, A. Carswell, D. Catling, B. Clark, T. Duck, E. DeJong, D. Fisher, W. Goetz, P. Gunnlaugsson, M. Hecht, V. Hipkin, J. Hoffman, S. Hviid, H. Keller, S. Kounaves, C. F. Lange, M. Lemmon, M. Madsen, M. Malin, W. Markiewicz, J. Marshall, C. McKay, M. Mellon, D. Michelangeli, D. Ming, R. Morris, N. Renno, W. T. Pike, U. Staufer, C. Stoker, P. Taylor, J. Whiteway, S. Young, and A. Zent, J. Geophys. Res., 113, E00A18, doi:10.1029/2008JE003083 2008. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Effects of the Phoenix Lander Descent Thruster Plume on the Martian Surface" D. H. Plemmons, B. C. Clark, S. P. Kounaves, L. L. Peach, N. O. Renno, L. Tamppari, and S. M. M. Young, J. Geophys. Res.,113, E00A11, doi:10.1029/2007JE003059 2008. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Life on Mars may be hidden like Earth’s extremophiles" S. P. Kounaves, Nature, 2007, 449, 281.
Full Text PDF

"Microbial Detection Array (MDA) - Unambiguous Detection of Microbial Metabolic Activity in Astrobiology Applications", A. Hoehn, K. L. Lynch, J. Clawson, J. B. Freeman, J. Kapit, S. M. M. Young, S. P. Kounaves, and I. I. Brown, SAE Proceedings, ICES 2007, International Conference On Environmental Systems, Proceedings, Chicago, IL, USA, 2007, SAE Document No. 2007-01-3190 . Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Dissolved Slfate Analysis on the 2007 Phoenix Mars Mission", S. P. Kounaves, S. M. M. Young, J. A. M. Kapit, and The Phoenix Team", Martian Sulfates Conference, Houston, TX, USA, 2006, Abstract No. 7020. Abstract

"Analysis of Simulated Martian Regolith Using an Array of Ion Selective Electrodes", S. R. Lukow and S.P. Kounaves, Electroanalysis, 17, 2005, 1441-49. Abstract - Full Text PDF

“Detecting Heavy Metals in Solution Using E-Tongue 3 REDOX Water Quality Sensors on the International Space Station”, Gregory M. Kuhlman, D. Keymeulen, M. G. Buehler, and S. P. Kounaves, 2004 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1, 2004, 363-377. Abstract - Purchase Full Text

"Mars Surveyor Program '01 Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment Wet Chemistry Lab: A Sensor Array for Chemical Analysis of the Martian Soil", S. P. Kounaves, S. R. Lukow, B. P. Comeau, M. H. Hecht, S. M. Grannan-Feldman, K. Manatt, S. J. West, X. Wen, M. Frant, and T. Gillette, J. Geophys. Res., 2003, 108(E7), 5077-89. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Electrochemical Approaches for Chemical and Biological Analysis on Mars" S. P. Kounaves, ChemPhysChem, 2003, 4, 162-168. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Planar REDOX and Conductivity Sensors for ISS Water Quality Measurements", M. G. Buehler, G. M. Kuhlman, D. Keymeulen, N. Myung, and S. P. Kounaves, 2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2, 2003, 535-550. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Planar Arrays Redox Cells and pH Sensors for ISS Water Quality and Microbe Detection", M. G. Buehler, G. M. Kuhlman, D. Keymeulen, N. Myung, S. P. Kounaves, D. Newnam, and D. Lies, SAE Proceedings, International Conference on Environmental Systems, Vancouver BC, Canada, 2003, SAE Document No. 2003-01-2553. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Geochemical Analysis on Mars" S.P. Kounaves and M.H. Hecht, Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 2002, 66, A413. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Determination of Geochemistry on Mars Using an Array of Electrochemical Sensors", S.P.Kounaves, M.G. Buehler, M.H. Hecht, and S. West, in Environmental Electrochemistry: Analyses of Trace Element Biogeochemistry, M. Taillefert and T.F. Rozen (Eds) ACS Symposium Series, Vol. 811, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2002, pp.306-19. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Microbial Life Detection With Minimal Assumptions", S. P. Kounaves, R.A. Noll, M.H. Hecht, M.G.Buehler, K. Lankford, S. West, in "Instruments, Methods and Missions for Astrobiology IV", R.B.Hoover, G.L.Levin, R.P. Paepe, A.Y.Rozanov (Eds), SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 4495, 137-144, 2002. Full Text PDF Preprint 

"Advanced Electronic Tongue Concept",  M.G. Buehler,  G.M. Kuhlman, D. Keymeulen and S.P. Kounaves, 2002 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, Vol.1, 2002, 407-416. Abstract

"Voltammetric Measurement of Arsenic in Natural Waters", R. Feeney and S.P. Kounaves, Talanta, 2002  58, 23-31. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Designing A Water Quality Monitor Using an Array of ISEs",  M.G. Buehler, S.P. Kounaves, D.P. Martin, S.J. West, and G.M. Kuhlman,  2001 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 2001, Vol.1, 331-338. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Ultramicroelectrode Arrays Modified With Ionomer-Entrapped Silica Films as Potential Voltammetric Sensors for Cu, Pb and Se", S. P. Kounaves, O.Y. Nadzhafova, V. Tarasov, and S. H. Tan, Analytical Sciences (Supplement - Proceedings of IUPAC ICAS 2001), 17, 2001, 1031-33. Full Text PDF

"Rapid On-Site Analysis of Arsenic in Groundwater using a Microfabricated Gold Ultramicroelectrode Array",  R. Feeney and S. P. Kounaves, Anal.Chem., 2000, 72, 2222-2228. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Microfabricated Ultramicroelectrode Arrays: Developments, Advances, and Applications in Environmental Analysis", R. Feeney and S. P. Kounaves, Electroanalysis, 2000, 12, 677-84. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"The Source of the Anomalous Cathodic Peak During ASV with In Situ Mercury Film Formation in Chloride Solutions", M. A. Nolan and S. P. Kounaves, Electroanalysis, 2000, 12, 96-99. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Adsorptive Stripping Analsis of Trace Nickel at Iridium-Based Ultramicroelectrode Arrays", J. Wang, J. Wang, W. K. Adeniyi, and S. P. Kounaves, Electroanalysis, 2000, 12, 44-47. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Measuring the Chemical Potential of the Martian Regolith to Generate and Sustain Life", S. P. Kounaves, M. G. Buehler, and K. R. Kuhlman, in Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration (Eds: J. Marshal, C. Weitz), LPI Contribution 991, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1999, pp 61. Full Text PDF

The Mars Environmental Compatibility Assessment (MECA) Wet Chemistry Experiment on the Mars '01 Lander", S. M. Grannan, M. Frant, M. H. Hecht, S.P. Kounaves, K. Manatt, T. P. Meloy, W. T. Pike, W. Schubert, S. West, X. Wen, in Workshop on Mars 2001: Integrated Science in Preparation for Sample Return and Human Exploration (Eds: J. Marshal, C. Weitz), LPI Contribution 991, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1999, pp 41-42. Full Text PDF

"Determination of Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate Constants at Microfabricated Iridium Electrodes", R.Feeney and S. P. Kounaves, Electrochemistry Communications, 1999, 1, 453-458. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Electrochemistry on Mars", S.J. West, M.S. Frant, X. Wen, R. Geis, J. Herdan, T. Gillette, M. H. Hecht, W. Schubert, S. Grannan, S.P. Kounaves, American Laboratory, 1999, 20, 48-54. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Microfabricated Array of Iridium Microdisks as a Substrate for Direct Determination of Cu2+ or Hg2+using Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry",  M. Nolan and S. P. Kounaves, Anal.Chem., 1999, 71, 3567-3573. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Effects of Chloride Ion Concentration on Mercury(I) Chloride Formation During Ex Situ and In Situ Mercury Deposition with Selected Electrode Substrates and Electrolytes", M. A. Nolan and S. P. Kounaves, Anal. Chem., 1999, 71, 1176-82. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Failure Analysis of Microfabricated Ir-Ultramicroelectrodes in Chloride Media", M. A. Nolan and S. P. Kounaves, Sensors & Actuators B, 1998, 50, 117-124. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Effects of Mercury Electrodeposition on the Surface of Microlithographically Fabricated Ir Ultramicroelectrodes",  M. A. Nolan and S. P. Kounaves, J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998, 453, 39-48. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Determination of Selenium(IV) at a Microfabricated Gold Ultramicroelectrode Array Using SWASV", S. Tan and S.P.Kounaves, Electroanalysis, 1998, 10, 364-68. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Analytical Characterization of Microlithographically Fabricated Ir-Based Ultramicroelectrode Arrays", R. Feeney, J. Herdan, M. Nolan, S.Tan, V. Tarasov, and S. P. Kounaves, Electroanalysis, 1998, 10, 89-93. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Field Evaluation of an Electrochemical Probe for In-Situ Determination of Heavy Metals in Ground Water", J. Herdan, R. Feeney, S. P. Kounaves, A. F. Flannery, C. W. Storment, G. T. A. Kovacs, and R. B. Darling, Env. Sci. & Technol., 1998, 32, 131-136. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Electrochemistry of the Copper-Nickel Series of Heteropolymetallic Complexes (µ4-O)(N,N-diethylnicotinamide)4Cu4-x(Ni(H2O))xCl6 (x = 0 - 4)", B.Workie, C. E. Dubé, M. L. Aksu, S.P.Kounaves, A.Robbat, and G. Davies, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1997, 10, 1739-45. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Fabrication and Characterizaton of a Solid State Reference Electrode for Electroanalysis of Natural Waters with Ultramicroelectrodes", M. A. Nolan, S. H. Tan, and S. P. Kounaves, Anal.Chem., 1997, 69, 1244-47. Abstract - Full Text  PDF

"Voltammetric Techniques", S.P. Kounaves in Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry, F.A.Settle (Ed.) Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 1997

"Microfabricated Electrochemical Analysis System for Heavy Metal Detection"
R. J. Reay, A. F. Flannery, C. W. Storment, S. P. Kounaves, and G. T. A. Kovacs, Sensors and Actuators B, 1996, 34, 450-55
. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Electrodeposition of Metal Alloy and Mixed Oxide Films Using A Single-Precursor Tetranuclear Copper-Nickel Complexes", C. E. Dubé, B. Workie, S.P.Kounaves, A. Robbat, M. L. Aksu, and G. Davies, J.Electrochem.Soc., 1995, 142, 3357-65. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Microfabricated Electrochemical Analysis System for Heavy Metal Detection", R.J. Reay, C.W.Storment, A.F.Flannery, S.P. Kounaves, and G.T.A. Kovacs, Transducers'95-Eurosensors IX, Proc. 8th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors & Actuators, Digest of Technical Papers 1995, pp. 932-34, (IEEE Cat. No. 95TH8173) Full Text PDF

"Determination of Aromatic Nitriles Using Enzyme-Based Selectivity Mechanisms: 2 - A Nitrilase Modified Glassy Carbon Microelectrode Sensor for Benzonitrile ", T. Z. Liu, Y. Wang, S.P. Kounaves and E.J. Brush, Anal Chem. , 1995, 67, 1679-83. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Microfabricated Heavy Metal Ion Sensor", G. T. A. Kovacs, C. W. Storment, and S. P. Kounaves, Sensors and Actuators B, 1995, 23, 41-47. Full Text PDF

"An Integrated CMOS Potentiostat for Miniaturized Electroanalytical Instrumentation", R.J.Reay, S.P.Kounaves and G.T.A.Kovacs, 1994 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference, Digest of Technical Papers, 1994, pp. 162-63, (Cat.No. 94CH3410-8)

"An Iridium-Based Ultramicroelectrode Array Fabricated by Microlithography ", S. P. Kounaves, W. Deng, P. R. Hallock, G. T. Kovacs, and C. Storment, Anal.Chem. , 1994, 66, 418-423. Abstract - FullText PDF

"Determination of Aromatic Nitriles Using Enzyme-Based Selectivity Mechanisms: 1 - An Ammonia GSE Based Sensor for Benzonitrile", Z. Liu, Y. Wang, S.P. Kounaves and E.J. Brush, Anal.Chem., 1993, 65, 3134-3136. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Analytical Utility of the Iridium-Based Mercury Ultramicroelectrode with Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry", S. P. Kounaves and W. Deng, Anal.Chem., 1993, 65, 375-379. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Pseudopolarography at the Mercury Hemisphere Ultramicroelectrode: Theory and Experiment", S.P.Kounaves, Anal.Chem., 1992, 64, 2998-3003. Abstract - Full Text PDF

"Acquisition and Presentation of 3D Chromatovoltammographic Data", S. P. Kounaves and D. D Lu, Computers & Chem., 1992, 16, 29-33.

"The Effect of Electrode Surface Morphology on Square Wave Current Response", S. P. Kounaves and W. Deng, J.Electroanal.Chem., 1991, 306, 111-124.

"Fabrication and Characterization of an Iridium Based Mercury Ultramicroelectrode", S. P. Kounaves and W. Deng, J.Electroanal.Chem., 1991, 301, 77-85.

"Iridium Based Ultramicroelectrodes: Development and Use in Electrochemical Analysis" S. P. Kounaves, Platinum Metals Rev., 1990, 34, 131-134.

"Carbon Fiber Electrode Cell for Square Wave Voltammetric Detection of Biogenic Amines in HPLC", S. P. Kounaves and J. B. Young, Anal.Chem., 1989, 61, 1469-1472. Full Text PDF

"An Iridium Based Mercury Film Electrode: Part-II Comparison of Hg-Film Electrode Behaviors: Theory vs Reality", S. P. Kounaves and J. Buffle, J.Electroanal.Chem., 1988, 239, 113-123.

"Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode : Theoretical Treatment", S. P. Kounaves, J. O'Dea, P. Chandrasekhar and J. Osteryoung, Anal.Chem., 1987, 59, 386-389. Full Text PDF

"An Iridium Based Mercury Film Electrode: Part-I Selection of Substrate and Preparation", S. P. Kounaves and J. Buffle, J.Electroanal.Chem., 1987, 216, 53-69.

"Square Wave Voltammetry at the Mercury Film Electrode: Theoretical Treatment", S.P.Kounaves, J. O'Dea, P. Chandrasekhar and J. Osteryoung, Anal.Chem., 1986, 58, 3199-3202. Full Text PDF

"Deposition and Stripping Properties of Mercury on Iridium Electrodes", S. P. Kounaves and J. Buffle, J.Electrochem.Soc., 1986, 133, 2495-2498.

"Study of the Formation of True Mercury Films for Electroanalytical Applications to Speciation", S. P. Kounaves, PhD(DSc) Thesis, Universite de Geneve, 1985 Full Text PDF

"The Importance of Concentration Effects at the Electrode Surface in Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Measurements of Metal Ion Complexation at Natural Water Concentrations", A. M. Almeida Mota, J. Buffle, S.P. Kounaves and M. L. Simoes Goncalves, Anal.Chim.Acta, 1985, 172, 13-30.

"Stripping Polarography and the Reduction of Copper(II) in Sea Water at the HMDE", A. Zirino and S. P. Kounaves, Anal.Chim.Acta, 1980, 113, 79-90.

"Studies of Cadmium-Ethylenediamine Complex Formation in Sea Water by Computer Assisted Stripping Polarography", S. P. Kounaves and A. Zirino, Anal.Chim.Acta, 1979, 109, 327-339.

"Rapid Determination of Titration Alkalinity of Sea Water by Equilibration with CO2", R. S. Keir, S. P. Kounaves and A. Zirino, Anal.Chim.Acta, 1977, 91, 181-188. Full Text PDF Abstract

"Anodic Stripping Peak Currents : Electrolysis Potential Relationships for Reversible Systems", A. Zirino and S. P. Kounaves, Anal.Chem., 1977, 49, 56-59. Full Text PDF

PATENTS

Spectroelectrochemical Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Sensor, S. P. Kounaves, Patent Application No. 60/387,325; Filed June 10, 2002

Microfabricated Array of Iridium Microdisks for Determination of Cu(II) & Hg(II), S. P. Kounaves and M. A. Nolan, Patent No. 6,527,930 Issued March 4, 2003.
USPTO Full-Text

Iridium-Based Mercury Microelectrode Array Sensor for Heavy Metals, S. P. Kounaves, G. T. Kovacs, and C.W. Storment, Patent No. 5,378,343 Issued January 1, 1995  USPTO Full-Text

Metals, Metal Alloys, and Metal Oxide Formation by Electrodeposition of Polymetallic Complexes, S. P. Kounaves, A. Robbat, and G. Davies, Patent No.5,277,789 Issued January 11, 1994  USPTO Full-Text

 




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